The number of users exceeded 1 million in less than a week after the start of interactive chat AI 'ChatGPT', what exactly is ChatGPT in the first place?

Sam Altman, CEO of OpenAI, an AI research and development organization, has announced that the number of users of ChatGPT , whose test version was released to the public on December 1, 2022, has exceeded 1 million.

Explainer: What is OpenAI's chatbot ChatGPT and what is it used for? | Reuters

A non-profit research organization 'OpenAI' of artificial intelligence that prevents misuse of robots is established by prominent entrepreneurs and investors in the IT industry - GIGAZINE

by Hersson Piratoba

Initially, it was a non-profit organization, but in 2019 it became a limited for-profit organization and partnered with Microsoft, which has invested more than 100 billion yen.

Microsoft invests more than 100 billion yen in OpenAI for general artificial intelligence (AGI) development - GIGAZINE

Co-founder Elon Musk said in 2018 that Tesla, where he is CEO, is developing AI for autonomous driving, so ``there may be conflicts of interest in the future.'' OpenAI's Although I have resigned as a director, I have continued to donate since then.

◆What is AI developed by OpenAI?
Since its inception, OpenAI has put particular emphasis on `` reinforcement learning '', a type of machine learning. In April 2016, immediately after its establishment, OpenAI released a public beta version of the reinforcement learning simulation library 'OpenAI Gym'. On December 5, 2016, we announced the reinforcement learning research platform 'Universe'.

Earon Mask's artificial intelligence research institute OpenAI releases AI learning platform 'Universe' - GIGAZINE

Among the AI models developed by OpenAI, the basis of the ChatGPT announced this time is the language generation model 'GPT'. GPT is an abbreviation for 'Generative Pre-trained Transformer', a type of unsupervised learning type Transformer language model. At the time of writing the article, it has been versioned up to GPT-3, and it already has the ability to generate natural sentences that are indistinguishable from humans.

The latest version of the sentence generation language model ``GPT-3'' released, which was regarded as ``too dangerous'' because it creates too high-precision text-GIGAZINE

In September 2022, OpenAI announced Whisper , a high-performance transcription AI that combines a speech recognition model and a natural language processing model. In addition, OpenAI has developed a neural network ' CLIP ' that associates images and text, and this CLIP is also used in OpenAI's image generation AI ' DALL-E ' and Stability AI's image generation AI ' Stable Diffusion '. increase.

And OpenAI has developed not only a language processing model but also an AI `` OpenAI Five '' that can compete with humans in games. This OpenAI Five learns from the stage where the knowledge about the game is zero, and plays the game like a human being by ``recognizing the visual information that humans can acquire from their eyes and deciding their actions''. In 2019, he achieved a record of defeating the human world champion in the MOBA game Dota 2 .

OpenAI's artificial intelligence ``OpenAI Five'' defeats the human world champion, and a campaign where anyone can fight OpenAI Five online will be held for a limited time-GIGAZINE

In addition, OpenAI has announced `` Codex '', a programming complement AI, and ` ` MuseNet '', a music generation model.

◆What is ChatGPT?
ChatGPT is a natural language processing model trained using a technique called Reinforcement Learning with Human Feedback (RLHF). The base of ChatGPT is a fine-tuned new AI, GPT-3.5 , which finished learning in early 2022. ChatGPT can be said to be a model similar to InstructGPT, a sentence generation AI, but the learning process is slightly different from InstructGPT.

AI 'InstructGPT', an improved version of AI 'GPT-3' that can write natural sentences that are indistinguishable from humans, is open to the public, and poetry can also be written-GIGAZINE

ChatGPT first learns with demo data in which humans acted as users and AI assistants, then learns by human ranking the model's response to that data, and then optimizes the model through reinforcement learning. I have gone through that process many times.

Through this learning process, ChatGPT can write natural sentences that are indistinguishable from humans, but the accuracy of the content is by no means high. ChatGPT is a model that emphasizes the part of ``smoothly interacting with humans'', and OpenAI also admits that there is a problem that ``it sounds plausible, but the content of the answer is inaccurate or meaningless''.

The following is where I actually consulted ChatGPT, 'Please think about a reading impression of' Rashomon '.' The text itself is quite natural, but if you read it carefully, you will be deeply impressed by the mysterious synopsis that ``the main character, Gennai Hiraga, drowns in desire and commits murder''.

In addition, there is a possibility that biases such as race, gender, and culture contained in the learning data will be reflected in the output results, and it can be said that ethical issues remain. In fact, it has been pointed out that there is an anti-Islamic bias in GPT-3.

It turns out that there is an anti-Islamic bias in the ultra-high-precision text generation AI ``GPT-3''-GIGAZINE

◆Will ChatGPT be monetized?
On December 5, 2022, OpenAI CEO Altman reported that ChatGPT users exceeded 1 million in the first week after its release.

ChatGPT launched on wednesday.

— Sam Altman (@sama) December 5, 2022

In response to this tweet, Mr. Mask asked, 'What is the average cost per chat?'

What's the average cost per chat?

— Elon Musk (@elonmusk) December 5, 2022

According to Altman CEO, the average cost per chat is less than 10 cents (about 14 yen).

average is probably single-digits cents per chat; trying to figure out more precisely and also how we can optimize it

— Sam Altman (@sama) December 5, 2022

Also, in response to the question ``Is it free forever?'', CEO Altman said, ``At some point you need to monetize in some way. I answered.

we will have to monetize it somehow at some point;

— Sam Altman (@sama) December 5, 2022