Key to successful space development lies in Portugal during the voyage
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Space exploration and technology development by various organizations including the United States Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), including the announcement that `` ice exists under the surface of Mars ' ' and the concept of the `` Artemis project '' that sends humanity to the moon again Is underway. However, Nick Zavo, an information scientist and emeritus professor at Francisco Marrokin University, said that the policy of space development as of 2019 is `` failure '', citing China and Portugal in the age of the voyage as examples. He talks about the problems that organizations such as NASA have.
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◆ Failure of Ming in the Age of Voyage
In the early 15th century, a large fleet, led by Zheng He, was dispatched abroad under the orders of Emperor Yongle , the third emperor of Ming , one of China's successive dynasties. It is alleged that the main purpose of Zhenghe's fleet was not to develop trade or conquer other nations, but to show Ming as the world's brightest and most powerful empire.
The following is a comparison of the largest ship `` Daimei Treasure Ship '' commanded by Cheng He in the 15th century and the largest sailing ship `` Santa Maria (sailing ship with a cross) '' on the transatlantic cruise commanded by Christopher Columbus . It is a figure. The size of the ship shows that Akira had excellent skills in shipbuilding.
At the same time that Zhenghe's fleet was dispatched, the private merchant fleet, operating in Ming, traded with a wide range of countries, including Japan, Korea, the Philippines, Indonesia, Indochina, India, and Africa. However, Zhenghe's fleet was operating independently of the merchant fleet. It is said that Cheng He did not carry out activities such as expanding trade and maintaining the island, gathering unusual animals for the fun of the emperor and taking the glory of the emperor to Africa. The figure below shows a giraffe brought back from East Africa in 1414 by Cheng He's fleet.
The “ exploration just to glorify ” such as that done by Jeong He was expensive and not profitable for Ming. Ming's finances were squeezed by repeated expeditions, but the political situation at the time did not make sense that the expedition to show glory was meaningless. After that, the death of Emperor Yongle who instructed the voyage to Zheng, the fourth emperor in is bright, which has been the financial pressure questioned by the expedition
◆ Portugal's success in the Age of Voyage
On the other hand, Europe far away from Ming was on a different path from Ming. In Portugal, with the help of navigators and investors from each region, the voyage began to focus on conquering other countries for trade and taxes.
Portugal's early conquest was Ceuta , located on the African side near the Strait of Gibraltar . In 1414, during the expedition of Zheng He, Ceuta was conquered by Prince Enrique of Portugal. Subsequently, Portugal will conquer Atlantic islands such as the Madeira and Azores.
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Portugal has set up a trading post for each visit on a voyage. They exchanged European goods, such as Venetian glass beads and weapons, for gold, slaves and various foreign goods. In particular, Venetian glass beads seem to have been used by many Africans as an equivalent to money and jewelry. Portugal had expanded its trading hub to the west coast of Africa while the Ming Emperor changed and barred foreign trade. Portugal dispatched a small number of small ships instead of a huge fleet like Ming on the expedition to the south. Investors were also investing more in voyages that launched new profitable businesses.
Portugal trades in key parts of the Middle East and Asia one after another, using experience gained from numerous voyages, funding from investors from all over Europe, and military technology including cannons that were advanced at the time. Was. The exchange of silver from Europe for exotic specialties in Asia was a very lucrative deal. By the early 16th century, Portugal had ' established trade routes with the world's major cities .' Portugal, who possessed a small ship in a small country, steadily increased its trading post and colonies, and built a Portuguese maritime empire , rather than a huge wealth, advanced civilization, and a ship with a huge ship. Later, other European countries followed Portugal.
The following world map shows the extent to which Portugal had trade on voyages until the mid-16th century. Green indicates a colony and red indicates a port where trade was taking place. In contrast to Portugal, voyages to set up trading posts on the west coast of Africa and Europe were again planned, but this was not possible due to cost considerations.
◆ What is necessary for space exploration?
When it comes to space exploration, Zabo said that Western nations have made the same mistakes as China in the Age of Exploration, saying, `` What did the Apollo program get beyond glory and a bunch of stones? '' He says. Zabo points out that space development following the Apollo program is more of a space exploration than the military and commerce, such as the 'Dawn of the Great Voyage,' which shows off the power and glory of government.
NASA had previously planned to build a base on Mars by 2000, with the Space Shuttle being able to fly for about $ 36 million per flight. However, the flight cost of the Space Shuttle eventually reached about $ 1.5 billion (about 164.2 billion yen). Even considering inflation, it is more than 40 times the planned price. The first space station, launched in early 1980, was launched in 1998, even though it was expected to be completed within 10 years. Each plan was far from the first announcement.
By cookelma
'The plans for the moon and Mars base are the same useless stuff as China in the Age of the Voyage, and have no realistic prospects for military or commercial considerations. NASA is a pioneer in rocket technology by Werner It 's simply nailed down to technologies that appear in science fiction films such as the Space Station and the Base, which von Braun has described for almost 60 years. It has little practical value other than to show off the power of your country with a lot of money, 'said Zabo.
In space development, the development of satellites used for communication and surveillance is not merely a show but a technical development for military and commercial purposes. Zabo says the development of a working satellite is close to the rise of successful explorers and pioneers, especially in Portugal during the voyage.
The common style of Zheng He and NASA to 'emphasize the glory of the government' is in contrast to the military system in which little Portugal dominated the seas of the world. Zavo said that the policies of Cheng He and NASA have been unsuccessful in exploring and developing unseen territories, such as space exploration. `` Those who can raise their own funds for commercial, military, and environmental benefits through steady efforts will eventually be pioneers in exploring the solar system and developing space development, '' Zabo says. .
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