Under the atmosphere of Jupiter's striped pattern, it turns out that there is a world that makes the earth unimaginable, such as "nine cyclones dense"

It is the largest planet in the solar system and is located further outside Mars as seen from the EarthJupiterHas a colorful striped pattern on the surface and an outstanding presence in itLarge red spotThere is a large vortex called a big feature on the appearance. According to a survey conducted by NASA sending explorers, the thickness of the atmosphere of Jupiter is 3000 km, and what is invisible below thatNine cyclones are gathering togetherIt has become clear that there is a phenomenon which can not be thought with the common sense of the earth, such as having a place.

NASA Juno Findings - Jupiter's Jet - Streams Are Unearthly | NASA
https://www.nasa.gov/feature/jpl/nasa-juno-findings-jupiter-s-jet-streams-are-unearthly

Unveiling the Depths of Jupiter's Winds
https://wis-wander.weizmann.ac.il/space-physics/unveiling-depths-jupiter%E2%80%99s-winds

This result is a spacecraft that NASA launched in 2011 and has been observing Jupiter since 2016JuneauIt was brought about by. Since the clouds made mainly of ammonia exist on the surface of Jupiter which is covered with dense gas, the interior has been hardly elucidated so far. However, the state of the interior which was hidden has become clear by the infrared observation device etc. installed in Juneau.


Based on the infrared observation data acquired by Juneau on February 2, 2017, the appearance of the Arctic part of Jupiter which NASA reproduced by computer processing is kore. "Jupiter Infrared Aurora Mapper" supplied by the Italian Space Agency (Jovian Infrared Auroral Mapper: JIRAM), we can see that the cyclones around the cyclone in the center are arranged so that eight cyclones circle around 4000 km to 6000 km in diameter. These nine cyclones do not change their position or scale, and they do not show movements such as extinction and coalescence.


Similar scenes are also spreading in the Antarctic part. In the same situation as the Arctic on February 2, 2017, we can see that the five cyclones surround the center of the cyclone drawing concentric circles with diameters of 5600 km to 7000 km. Because it is too dense, the tip of the vortex extending from each cyclone is touched to the next cyclone, but there is hardly any change during the observation over the next about seven months, It seems that they continued to exist independently.


Scott Bolton of the Southwest Research Institute, who is head of research at Juneau, said, "These amazing scientific achievements have brought about the discovery of Jupiter's unexpected aspect and are still unknown with even higher performance equipment in the future It is proved that there is a possibility of discovering things of Juno's characteristic circular orbit and highly accurate radio observation machine and infrared observation equipment, change viewpoint so far (paradigm shift ") Discovery was brought about." "Juneau has just finished about one-third of the whole initial mission, but Jupiter is already bringing new forms of Jupiter."

Juneau also creates a gravity map of Jupiter as a whole using the gravity observation equipment installed. This is expected to elucidate the mechanism by which a beautiful pattern appearing on Jupiter's surface is created. Luciano Iess, a member of Juneau's research team and belonging to the University of Rome Sapienza, said, "According to Juno's observations, Jupiter's gravity field has been shown to be asymmetric in the northern hemisphere and the southern hemisphere, It is similar to the pattern on the surface. "

In the case of a gas planet like Jupiter, the asymmetry that appears in the state of the atmosphere is greatly affected by the flow of the atmosphere in the deeper part. The dense gas gets influenced by gravity as it approaches the interior of Jupiter, more gas gathers in the part where gravity is stronger, the difference in density affects the airflow and finally appears as a pattern on the surface of the planet. It is clear from this mission that the pattern on this surface and the pattern of Jupiter's gravity map have similar patterns.

The pattern of the surface characterizing Jupiter is created by the difference in layer of air flowing at very high speed. The mechanism that this pattern can be done is also becoming partly obvious.


The mechanism is affected by Jupiter's gravity distribution and internal structure. In the following short movie, the state is partially explained

NASA's Juno Spacecraft Reveals the Depth of Jupiter's Colored Bands - YouTube


Looking at the movement of Jupiter's surface in time lapse, you can see that several layers "bands" overlap each other and the clouds flow in the opposite direction alternately.


Researchers have been tackling the mystery as to how far this band has reached inside and what kind of mechanism it is created.


As a result, we have found that Jupiter does not have a jet air current like the upper layer, and there are cores of hydrogen and helium liquid that are stable in almost the same state as individuals. As mentioned above, this atmospheric layer has a thickness of about 3000 km, under which the liquid core of hydrogen and helium exists.


On March 7, 2018, four papers including the above research results have been published, and more interesting Jupiter figures are revealed one after another.

Jupiter's Atmosphere, Thickness Approximately 3000 Kg Research Picture 1 International News: AFPBB News
http://www.afpbb.com/articles/-/3166596

According to the paper, the thickness of Jupiter's atmosphere is as much as 3000 km, and it is also revealed that the liquid core of hydrogen and helium in its lower part rotates uniformly and behaves like a solid It is said that. In addition, the content that Jupiter's atmosphere constitutes one hundredth of the mass of the entire planet has been made clear. Compared with the fact that the mass of the Earth's atmosphere is only one millionth of the mass of the Earth as a whole, you can see how much the atmosphere is occupied by Jupiter.

Juneau will continue observation in the future and is expected to bring more discoveries until the end of the 2021 mission.