How will gaming as a distraction influence humans?

For TV games and social gamesHave a good impact on humansResearch results and online RPGAdversely affecting the couple's married lifeAlthough there are various studies about the influence of the game on human beings, such as research results such as research result that, as for CEDEC 2012, "influence that the game as a distraction has on emotion and physiological activity", Kimura of the master's course of the Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Information Studies, The University of Tokyo Tomohiro is giving a lecture on what changes the game brings to humans.

Title | CEDEC 2012 | Computer Entertainment Development Developers Conference
http://cedec.cesa.or.jp/2012/program/AC/C12_P0087.html

Tomohiro Kimura (Kimura):
Hello everyone. My name is Kimura of the University of Tokyo. I'm pleased to meet you, today. That's why, "The influence of games as a distraction on emotions and physiological activities: the front line of game research Todai Baba Game Lab", but first let me introduce myself, I am a humanities sociology at the University of Tokyo's Faculty of Letters I graduate from the graduate school and I am enrolled in my master course from last year. I majored in psychology at undergraduate school, and now we are using psychology tools to study the impact of games on mind and body.


Well, my problem consciousness is "how does the game change us?" Naturally, if you say the game, that user is in the background, as the game is said to be an interactive media, the relationship between these two people becomes very important, but here Is it the best thing to approach you? My indicators are roughly divided into two: physiological index and psychological index. There are many kinds of physiological indicators. Heart rate, cortisol, amylase written here, or dopamine. This time I would like to talk about amylase only though. Another psychological index is like a questionnaire often used in psychology, a questionnaire, but I would like to talk about experiments using both of them.

Although HPA, SAM came out here. I will let you go into a little specialized story.


I'd like to avoid talking so hard. The HPA system and the SAM system are professionally physiological reaction paths of stress and are roughly divided into two. Those who asked my presentation last year may get inside. I made an announcement in the interactive session, but at that time I talked about HPA. I revealed the relationship between Cortisol and the game. This time I would like to talk about SAM system. To begin with, the HPA system is a circuit through the blood, from stimulation in the hypothalamus to eventually to cortisol, the secretion of the adrenal cortex. So it takes a bit of time. On the other hand, when it comes to SAM type, it is also a pathway starting from the hypothalamus and using the adrenal insufficiency. What is there during this time is called sympathetic nerve or parasympathetic nerve ...... so-called autonomic nerve. It may be better to say electric signal circuit here. So, the reaction is a little early. It is said that α - amylase is secreted in saliva when sympathetic nerves work well. We call α-amylase, but alpha may be okay. Please remember usual in saliva amylase.


Well then, is salivary amylase integrally? Although it is a story, if it is easy to say it is a physiological index of stress. Another thing is that I feel stressed when secretion increases. It means that you are relaxing with a loss of secretion. Although it explained very briefly, if you can remember like this it makes it easier to understand the other story.


Now I've talked about physiological indicators, but then it is about feelings and psychological indicators. It is here that I use in my experiment. Looking at this questionnaire, it may seem that it is just a piece of paper, but this is thoughtfully made, is not it? In psychology, question paper to measure subjective emotion, official name is emotion / arousal question paper, but it is the material used by Professor Oda and Mr. Takano. There are also other question papers to measure emotion in general, but I am using it here.

I wonder what kind of question paper it is. We can measure both short-term psychological state and long-term psychological state.


Here, there are 33 items ranging from "restless" to "energetic", what this shows is that it is fear, pleasure, sadness, and finally energy awakening It is an adjective and an adjective verb that expresses the scale of these nine emotions that it is tension arousal. Perhaps it might be thought that "Do you measure emotions alone?" I showed what is important here in the red. "Reliability and validity". When something is said about reliability, in psychology, "whether you can measure the same number of times will yield the same result". So, this is not a proper choice, it is being considered that the same score will come out no matter how many times you measure in the same situation. Relevance means "Can you measure what you want to measure?" You can not say that you are scientifically measuring your mind unless you use those that are confirmed. So, it is a bit different from the simple questionnaire, I am using this. For example, in order to score "pleasant" or "pleasure" in this, the score obtained with the items "fun", "refreshing", "pleasant" and "satisfied" that came out from here is divided by 12 If you do, you score points.


That way you can quantify emotions. I write emotions and emotional experiences here, but emotions and emotional experiences are a bit different. Emotional experience means subjective emotion. So, now, I think that "I'm happy" I am "fun" is an emotional experience, and emotions may involve physiological activities enormously.

Well, I will go on next. As we actually entered the contents of the experiment, we conducted experiments aimed at measuring salivary amylase and emotional experience before and after game play. I wrote the procedure very easily, but I will give the experiment participant the measurement of saliva amylase and filling in a questionnaire twice before and after practice and game play.


A bit of a story deviates into a side street, but there arises a problem of which of the game and the user to pay attention to here.


I will post the previous slide as it is, is it different game or differences of users that exerts a big difference between emotion and physiological activity? I think that you may pay attention to either. Both are important. But I would like to introduce you today, focusing on user differences. So in this experiment "SOULCALIBUR VYou play against the battle fight against the interpersonal game.


This is not an average value, but it is personal data, but we got a pair of two pairs and we saw the salivary amylase activity change at that time. So, I would like to think of everyone here, but is there a game fighting experience on the left in the graph on the left? I mean, it depends on whether I won or lost in a battle, but it shows 2 × 2, 4 numerical changes, but can you guess what is which? "If you lose, as stress builds up, does not the number rise after the game?" Is a plausible way of thinking. Well, I will go answer. Here it is.


If you look carefully, there is no fighting game experience, is the upper two lines. Both are rising, right? I have experience, I'm accustomed to fighting fighting games, I've done something, people who do quite well are the two below. You are relaxing. And there are considerable differences between the two figures. I thought this was interesting. Generalization may be difficult because it is personal data, but such trends are being seen by other people, I think that I got quite interesting results. It is currently undergoing intensive experiments.

On the other hand, you ask questions on what people thought about it. I would like to compare it with the former guy, but the trend is the same. Experience Ali is red and light blue, "It was fun" here, it is rising after the game. On the other hand, those who did not have a fighting game experience either level off or go down.


This flattest meaning that it is only a bit down. In other words, it is that people who are accustomed to fighting games to some extent can enjoy fighting games. If you are accustomed to fighting games you can relax and have fun. That's right, though. This is understood from physiological index and psychological index, too. In addition, I used the questionnaire that I can measure nine emotions introduced earlier. I think that a natural doubt will be born here, "How was the other feelings?" Everyone rises if you do fighting games like tension awakening or energy awakening. This is roughly the same result whatever you measure. Besides, I did it in last year's announcement, but I think that this sense of awakening is probably not all action games, games requiring reactions will rise. Those games that do not go up will not rise, but the game that requires a reaction speed increases the awakening feeling. This is a statistically significant difference, too. So, I've focused on the user's difference, but how much does it affect the difference in the game? In the ongoing experiments we are sending data on 13 students. As for what game we used, "SOULCALIBUR Broken Destiny", Another is"Monhan Diary Poka-Poko Airou Village"Was chosen.


I think that the difference between these two people can be understood well, but the Monhan diary The warm-hearted Airou village is very relaxed feeling. Last year I showed data using the same game on Cortisol, but the warm-hearted Ayru village is a relaxed game, while the soul caliber is a game that requires a reaction speed. Three conditions are written here. At first, I thought about seeing the difference in game conditions. First of all, there is a mode to remember skills of fighting games, this is the "skill learning group". In the other, you will be asked to do a mode "match group" in which you only have a match. In the case of warmly populated Ayru village there is only one mode, so one, "control group". I will show you the data comparing these three conditions from now. I wrote the procedure below. Between Pre 2 and Post 1 is the game. So, we measure amylase at four places, first get it in the laboratory and ask them to take a break for a while and then ask them to play again and then take a break at the end After we receive, we will finish, we will take 4 places. Also, at the time of break, "Please just be drowsy", it may be stress alone. But when you are doing e-mails and other work, emotions will move when e-mails get bad contents, so you have to do something the same. In the previous experiment I was watching a magazine, but when there were sad articles in the magazine, my emotions moved again, so in this experiment I saw the therapy DVD. The image of nature flows. So, I saw how much it will change, but I do not change much.


Because this is an average value, it is reliable data which is highly reliable. Would you please be careful when looking at this graph, well enough for blue lines, green lines and red lines? I do not want to worry too much about this. Amylase has high and low people. So it happens that the higher person was in the skill learning condition, so you do not have to see the difference between the groups much. What is important is how things changed. In particular, what you want to be aware of is how you changed between Pre 2 and Post 1. I have not changed much. I think recently that it may be that the difference in the game may not be so important, I think that the difference between users is quite large after all. Currently, I am examining various conditions and examining it.

I made this conclusion last year, but by comparing it with other physiological indicators, I brought the data of last year.


Look at the cortisol on the left side, also see this between the same Pre 2 and Post 1 as before.


It does not change very much. Since statistically significant difference also did not appear in practice, it is not necessarily trustworthy data, but at least it brought 30 people here, but it means that 30 people did not change much. Maybe it may change, but I think the possibility of not changing will be higher. The right side is a heartbeat.


Do not frown when fighting games? Although it may be thought, it has not changed much.

By the way, this is a difference in gaming experience, it is what I mean, it is a kind of thing, but, once a beginner, you participate only in the person who plays for the first time. So everyone is a beginner. I think that it is possible to see purely the difference of the game rather than the difference of the user by controlling by controlling the participants as a beginner. As for this data we have announced once with CEDEC 2011, so I think that if you can refer to that one.


The story is almost like this, although I'm finally aiming for it, I'd like to make game psychology. How will the game affect us and how to change it. And I am constantly thinking about what kind of fun the game is. Somewhat, it is basic research. The previous "Serious game for rehabilitation development · operation · to business - "Forest rehabilitation um 1/2 established" Production, 2 years trajectory -Regarding things like "I thought it was quite useful and very wonderful research, I thought he was talking about it though. In my case it is basically something to say. So, we have to think about how we can apply it. How we can use this is a matter to be studied in the future, I would like to think with you all.

The content is over. thank you for listening. I distributed the material earlier, but I do not think that such a large number of people will come, do not print about 50 copies, so I am sorry for those who did not hand them over But……. I think that you can obtain the document later on the Internet later on, so I would like to refer to that. So, if you have any questions, I'd like to hear from you.

Questioner A:
May I ask a question? Thank you very much for your interesting lecture. This time about the story of "a game as a distraction", for example, now it is social game, it is within commuting time rather than a game of going home and playing at home and playing games in such a place I think that there are quite a lot of people who are out, but do you think that such consideration about that will go in the future?

Kimura:
I think that I have to measure such things in the future. In particular, many people think of social games as "distraction" in a word, and I think that it is a future research topic. As for this amylase, it is very easy to measure compared to cortisol, so you can measure it immediately if you come to the experiment participants. Now, I have a good machine. I am using it as well. If it's a distraction in the train, you will have to measure it before you get on the train and you will have another train after you get off the train. If it comes just inside the train, we have to control what the train was like, so it is difficult to control as an experiment. Extra data came in. In that case, it is said that it would be nice to have a social game done in a purely laboratory, but I think it is also possible.


Question B:
Thank you for talking. It was a story that the difference of users is bigger than the difference of games, but was there any difference in users regarding the warm-hearted Ayru village? In other words, I'd like to ask if the users accustomed to playing living simulation games are still getting relaxed, but ....

Kimura:
Well, it is a very difficult question to ask how and how to listen to game experiences, and at the end, for the last time, an introspective report or a simple questionnaire saying "What kind of game did you do?" I am doing it. It was possible to choose only people who have never done a village warmingly this time, but it is accurately measurable how long they have been doing other leisurely other games so far not. So, it is difficult to answer clearly there. It is my guess, but probably there is not much difference. If you say how much relaxation will change between people who have leisurely lived and those who do not, I think that they will not change so much. However, it is a content that I want to experiment by taking time if there is time.

Question B:
I am looking forward to it. Thank you very much.

Question C:
Thank you very much for the interesting story. I thought that I wanted to ask one opinion, I think that it was around the third from the end of the slide how much amylase activation would change with each game difference However, I personally felt that between Post 1 and Post 2, it seems that only green lines are poking up and stress is rising. Is there anything that there is something there although others are going down? Or is it a range of error?


Kimura:
It is a very sharp point. I also thought "What is this happening?" Try increasing the number of people a little more, whether the statistical significance difference comes out completely or not, the story changes again. If the rising value of this green line from Post 1 to Post 2 gets a statistically significant difference, it is said that you are doing a warm-hearted Airou village, then watching the DVD and getting stressed. This is a bit of a surprise. Although I relaxed when I saw the DVD after doing gay games, it means that the stress is a little accumulated after doing warm-hearted Airou village. What does this mean? I think that it is still a matter of consideration. Even though I came to the laboratory thinking that I could do more interesting games such as "Because the game was not interesting", it may be that the emotions such as "Oh, this is the end of the experiment with this already" watching the DVD Hmm. Although it is a place which can not be answered clearly, if there is a significant difference here, I think it will be interesting, so I think that such consideration can be made. Is it okay with such feeling?


Question C:
Thank you very much.

Question D:
It is a story that this experiment was done to students, but are they different depending on age?

Kimura:
Yes. Regarding this experiment I am controlling to students, but my age does not change. So it's not an experiment that took people in their thirties or forties, so I think that there is nothing to generalize to all the world widely. So for this experiment it will be data only for students. However, since there is a plan to approach non-students in the experiment I am doing now, I think that the data of non-students will be gathered from now on.

Question E:
Thank you for your interesting research. There is no data here, for example, do you think that comparison data with cases where you suddenly made the game without letting you practice, for example, have been taken?

Kimura:
To be honest, it is not. I think that the difference is quite large. If you let fighting games do not practice, tremendous stress may accumulate. So, I'd like to confirm a bit. However, I do not practice, I do not remember the operation, so I do not think the situation is really basically in reality. Everyone, I think that it will be worth the investigation, since you think that it will normally start a game after remembering to attack by pressing the ○ button and pressing defense, but basically it is practice, "operation I'm asking for a game after I remember saying "It's like this". There are a lot of people who are experimenting besides me, but basically everyone is practicing. So that is also a similar answer, is that it is interesting as a future research subject.


Question F:
In the first place, do you think that the motivation of a subject or the expectation when you said "Do this game" is caught? The point is, I think motivation ...... I think that it will change with those who say "Why do you play this game?" And "people who wanted to play this game", but what about that place?

Kimura:
Perhaps, there may be places to measure it ... .... When you see the reactions of everyone who is coming to the laboratory, basically I do not say it as "What is this game?", I finally hear a single impression, but each one is fun It is said that it is. Well, as it may be because it is a student, students are more experienced in psychology experiments and there are many people who are experimenting to show simple stimulus for about 10 minutes But, as game experiments are rare, you can say that everyone was "fun". So, I think that there is not much difference in any game. But was it good in this game? I think that it will be fun if you ask questions on the question sheet step by step. It was a sharp point.


Since then, I am pushing the time, so is it OK? thank you for listening.