The 'true impact' of exercise on metabolism has been revealed, but some people don't reap the benefits
While most people agree that exercise is good for you, a new study has shed more light on how exercise affects your metabolism. Researchers used recruits who were roughly the same in terms of sleep, diet, and lifestyle as their subjects to study how an 80-day exercise program affected their metabolism.
Effect of chronic exercise in healthy young male adults: a metabolic analysis | Cardiovascular Research | Oxford Academic
Study: The “true magnitude” of how exercise influences metabolism
https://www.inverse.com/mind-body/exercise-profoundly-impacts-metabolism-study
A 2019 study conducted in the United States showed the shocking fact that only 12% of people in their 20s have ideal blood sugar, blood pressure, and cholesterol levels and are not prescribed any medication. Numerous studies published so far have shown that exercise has a positive effect on the body, but many people may not have an idea of how much of an effect it has. In an experiment on 52 healthy adult men, John F. O'Sullivan and his colleagues at the University of Sydney showed the impact of exercise on the body's metabolism in concrete terms.
What makes this study unique is the subjects. The 52 subjects were US military recruits, all around 26 years old and with a healthy body mass index (BMI). Because they were provided with the same food, sleep patterns, and daily activities in the military, it was possible to control for potential confounding factors and clarify the effects of exercise alone.
The recruits participated in an 80-day program of aerobic and strength training. They averaged 1.3 hours of exercise per day, with 68% of their activity being moderate-intensity training and 32% being vigorous-intensity training. Blood samples were taken from the subjects before and after the program to measure the effects of exercise on their metabolism.
Metabolism is the chemical reaction that occurs when the body converts food and drink into energy, which produces by-products called '
According to the researchers, after completing the program, they observed numerous changes in the metabolic products produced in the subjects' bodies, including an increase in inflammation-fighting metabolic products such as arginine and ornithine , improved immune function, and increased blood flow.
Positive changes were also observed in blood clots , protein breakdown, vascular dilation, stress reduction, and lipid, ketone and nucleotide levels. In addition, plasma fatty acid and ketone intermediate metabolites were reduced in the blood, indicating that after the program, subjects' bodies were more likely to burn fat and ketones as energy in muscles.
'Chronic exercise dramatically improved overall metabolism,' O'Sullivan said, and metabolic changes could lead to reduced fat storage, inflammation and stress.
Interestingly, not all participants showed these changes. Recent studies have shown that subjects with high levels of dimethylguanidinovaleric acid (DMGV), a compound that has been shown to predict a lack of metabolic response to exercise, did not receive any metabolic benefit from exercise. DMGV levels are influenced by genes and diet, with sugary drinks increasing DMGV and vegetables decreasing DMGV.
On the other hand, low DMGV levels in young, healthy men may indicate metabolic dysfunction, necessitating strategies other than exercise to reduce cardiovascular risk.
The study was limited to men and looked at a very homogeneous population, so it's unclear whether similar conclusions would hold in a more diverse population. However, O'Sullivan believes that the study sheds light on the role of exercise in preventing cardiovascular disease.
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