How did ancient civilizations make ice cream and how did it become popular among the common people?



The image of 'ice cream' is said to have been established by Antonio Latini, an Italian chef in the 17th century. However, it is also thought that cold, sherbet-like ice desserts date back to the pre-Christian era. NATO spokesperson Vivian Jean explains the history of how

cold desserts became popular in an era without electricity or refrigeration or freezing technology, and how it has spread over more than 1,000 years to become the ice cream we know today.

How did ancient civilizations make ice cream? - Vivian Jiang - YouTube


There are various theories about the origin of ice cream, but one theory is that it began in the 1st century. It is said that nobles in ancient Rome, India, and China during the Tang Dynasty loved to eat frozen desserts. There is also a theory that stored snow and ice were used to boost the morale of soldiers, and that Julius Caesar popularized it as a dessert mixed with milk and honey around the 1st century BC.



There are two possible ways that cold desserts were prepared in ancient countries. The first was to collect ice and snow from cold regions. It is said that wealthy people who lived along the Mediterranean coast employed laborers to harvest glacial ice and snow from snowy mountains. The 1st century Roman Emperor Nero, known as a tyrant, is said to have had slaves bring perennial snow from the Alps and loved to make a frozen dessert called 'dolce vita' by blending it with nectar and honey.



The other method was

air cooling , which was used in ancient Persia. Air cooling is a method of dissipating heat from machines by exchanging heat with the air. Ice was made by storing water in a shallow basin, and when the air cooled at night, the heat was radiated into the dry desert air, causing the water to freeze.



However, ice-based sweets were widespread in the 1st century, and the smooth, creamy 'ice cream' was created some time later. The first step was the cold drink 'sharbata (sherbet)' that spread from Persia. European travelers brought back a recipe for sherbet that they could make at home, and when they combined it with chocolate and pine nuts, something closer to modern ice cream than ice cream was created. It is also believed that the spread of ice cream began when

Marco Polo , known for 'The Travels of Marco Polo,' tasted milk ice cream when he was captured in Beijing and brought it back to Europe.



Modern-day ice cream was first established with a milk-based sorbet recipe recorded by Italian cook Antonio Latini in 1692. Some historians consider Latini's recipe to be the 'first ice cream in the world.' The recipe was spread by travelers and settlers in North America.



However, because sugar and cream were expensive and freezing technology was difficult, ice cream was a luxury treat that only the upper class could enjoy for a long time. This was dramatically changed by the invention of the ice cream machine by Nancy Johnson in 1843. By placing a small container of ice cream mix in an outer container with ice, and turning a lever to rotate the inner container and bring it into contact with the ice, anyone could easily make smooth ice cream. In the 19th century, businessman Frederic Tudor established the 'ice trade,' a large-scale trade in ice, and it became possible for anyone to enjoy ice cream at home as long as they had an ice cream machine.



By the end of World War II, refrigeration technology had developed rapidly to the point where most homes had refrigerators.



'Ice cream has survived in various forms since ancient times. There are some mysteries in the history of ice cream that remain to be solved, but one thing is certain: our love for ice cream will never fade,' says Jean.



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