A study of live streaming revealed that female streamers are more prone to ``self-pornography'', with over 70% wearing sexual clothing
Many people have been surprised to find a thumbnail of a video that emphasizes a woman's cleavage, even though the content is general, such as cooking or playing the piano, while watching YouTube. A study that analyzed approximately 2,000 pieces of content distributed on the popular live streaming distribution platform Twitch found that female streamers exhibit more radical and high self-sexualization than men. It was confirmed that there is a tendency to do this frequently.
Sexualized culture on livestreaming platforms: a content analysis of Twitch.tv | Humanities and Social Sciences Communications
Researchers uncover 'pornification' trend among female streamers on Twitch
https://www.psypost.org/researchers-uncover-pornification-trend-among-female-streamers-on-twitch/
Twitch, which started its service in 2011, has gained popularity as professional gamers who earn more than 50 million yen a month have appeared, but it will be banned again soon after significantly relaxing its policy on sexual content from around the end of 2023. There continues to be confusion over how to handle extreme sexual depictions.
Twitch once again updates its policy on sexual content to ``prohibit nudity in both 2D and 3D'' - GIGAZINE
According to Christel Anciones Anguita and Mirian Checa Romero of the University of Alcalá in Spain, female streamers who promote sexiness are known as ``Titty-streamers'' and ``Bubby gamers.'' Previous research has shown that people are labeled and looked down upon.
In order to examine trends in sexual objectification on live streaming platforms from a gender perspective, Anciones Anguita et al. collected 1,920 pieces of content streamed on Twitch and quantified the sexual depictions of streamers appearing in each piece of content. and analyzed it.
The collection period is for two months from September to October 2022, and during this period, it will collect videos broadcast on IRL (InRealLife), which are the two most popular categories on Twitch, such as videogames and chat. The top 3 most popular video clips for each day were selected. The breakdown includes 960 titles from the video game category, and 320 titles each from the IRL category's subcategories of 'Just Chatting,' ' ASMR,' and 'Pools, Hot Tubs & Beaches.' It was a book. In addition, those that did not show the broadcaster in the first place, and those that were expressed in a non-live-action state such as animation or 3D models were excluded.
The following criteria were used to quantify the sexual content of the content:
・Clothing (0-4)
0 points if the broadcaster's clothes are not revealing, 1 point if the arms and shoulders are exposed, 2 points if the clothes are close-fitting, 3 points if the person wears lingerie or swimwear, and only the nipples and genitals. 4 points will be added for minimal covering.
・Exposed body parts (0-3)
If body parts such as breasts, buttocks, private parts, etc. are not exposed, 0 points will be awarded, and if exposed, 1 point will be added for each body part.
・Central part (0~1)
0 points are added if only the head and shoulders are shown, and 1 point is added if the entire body or most of the body is shown.
・Posture (0~2)
0 points for simply sitting, 1 point for subtle sexual expressions such as suggestively tilting the torso or hips, and 2 points for overt sexual expressions such as spreading one's legs or lying on all fours.
・Mouth (0-2)
0 points for just talking, 1 point for biting the lip or blowing a kiss, and 2 points for sexual content such as blowjobs or reenacting sexual acts.
・Sexual acts (0-1)
1 point will be added if there is a movement that imitates fellatio or masturbation.
・Role play (0~1)
Add 1 point for content that simulates submissive or dominated roles through elements of
Items with a total score of 0 to 4 points based on these criteria were classified as non-sexual, those with 5 to 8 points were classified as sexual, and those with 9 to 14 points were classified as more sexual content. For example, a streamer who wears a swimsuit and sunbathes on the beach is rated as moderately sexual with a score of 7, but a streamer who wears a swimsuit and performs activities such as wiggling and licking ice cream or a microphone is rated as moderately sexual. and 12 points for the most sexual content.
The analysis revealed that the frequency and degree of self-sexualization was higher for female streamers than for men, confirming that there are clear gender differences in self-sexualization on distribution platforms.
Specifically, only 2 of the total sample were male streamers who were considered the most sexual, compared to 289 female streamers. Similarly, there were 5 male streamers classified as moderately sexual compared to 190 female streamers.
The research team wrote in their paper, ``The majority of women (71.4%) scored 2-4 points for the sexual nature of their clothing, and wore sexualized clothing ranging from medium necklines to bikinis; Some wore only clothes. Also, 76.2% of women focused on showing their entire body.Furthermore, more than half of the women, 51.6%, used their bodies to suggest sexual acts. Two-thirds (67.4%) of the respondents verbally hinted at sexual activity.'
This study also found that there were differences in trends by category. In other words, while sexual content is less prevalent in game-related categories, categories such as ASMR and pools have a much higher proportion of women and a much higher degree of self-sexualization.
Commenting on the study's results, Anciones Anguita said, ``We were surprised to see that there were significant differences in the level of sexual content in the content depending on the gender of the streamer.While men were more focused on conversations and video games, The majority of the streamers who were posing or posing provocatively were women.'
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