What is 'the evil nine medical experiments' that should never be repeated?

by coschda

In the world of fiction sometimes we see the word "sacrifice to the advancement of science", but in the real world it is sacrificed intentionally even if it brings about medical progress To do is ethically unacceptable. However, it is reported that there are not many cases where "evil medical examination" was done due to the development of medicine when looking at history ".

9 Absolutely Evil Medical Experiments
https://www.livescience.com/13002-7-absolutely-evil-medical-experiments-tuskegee-syphilis.html

◆ 1: Experiment to separate the triplet brothers immediately after birth
From the 1960s to the 1970s, psychologists who received assistance from the National Institute of Health , in secret "What will happen if they break apart twin brothers and triplets brothers just before they are born and raised by another parent as an only child? I did an experiment called "? This experiment, which three members of three subjects Robert Shufflan, David Kerman and Edward Galland casually met and discovered knowing that they were brothers with each other, will be subject to major accusations It was.

Three people have never thought that "I have brothers", Mr. Kerman said that his experiments revealed that he was "deprived of our 20 years by experiment." Mr. Galland committed suicide by leaving his wife and daughter in 1995 after the experiment fact was found out. Psychologists who led the study of adoptions of three people said, "I think that we did good things to children, because each one grew up in a disjointed environment, I was able to nurture it, "he said he was totally at ease after the facts were revealed.

◆ 2: Human body experiment conducted by Nazi: Medical experiments against Jews conducted by doctor Joseph Mengele who was an officer of Nazi guard during World War II are famous for being cruel . Nazis conducted experiments such as putting humans in a decompression room, rapidly freezing it, applying castration measures, and many people died by experiments made from medical interests.

by NASA Goddard Space Flight Center

◆ 3: Human body experiment conducted by the Kwantung army 731 unit <br> 731 unit , a research institution that existed in the army army of the Japan Imperial Army, for the purpose of developing biological weapons and researching therapeutic methods, human experiments It was supposed to have done. Experiments such as trying to concentrate cholera bacteria and typhoid fungi intentionally into well water to test the infectivity, march in the prisoner in cold weather, and use it to develop a method to treat frostbite. There is also a testimony that he dissected a human in conscious state.

◆ 4: Research to intentionally cause stuttering disease
In 1939, the linguist pathologists at the University of Iowa told the theory that " stuttering (kitsuon) disease is caused by anxiety about children's talking", "to intentionally cause stuttering illness to occur to war orphans It was said that the experiment was carried out.

The researchers sat on the table with the Ohio war orphan and told the students, "You guys have a sign of stuttering, you can not open your mouth until you can speak accurately" . After all, the orphan who studied subject did not develop stuttering illness from anxiety, but the orphan became shy and felt uneasy and became silent. In 2007, the University of Iowa paid three million people surviving the experiment a total of 925,000 dollars (about 100 million yen).

by Windell Oskay

◆ 5: A homicide done to gain the corpses for dissection
Until the 1830's, the body that medical scientists could use for anatomical experiments was limited to "the body of the criminal who was death sentenced in the murder case." However, because the murderer's culprit is not so easily captured, many medical scholars either buy the bodies that the graveyard thieves stole from the graveyard, or sometimes dig up the graveyards themselves to get the bodies It seemed to have been.

Meanwhile, " Burke and hair serial murder case " occurred in Edinburgh from 1827 to 1828 is a terrible "killing people to sell fresh dead bodies to doctors who want a body for dissection" It was an incidents caused by motivation. After this incident that actually issued as many as 17 victims came out to light, we were considering reducing the condition of the body that can be used for dissection.

by Robert Couse-Baker

◆ 6: Surgery without anesthesia for slaves Mr. Marion Sims , known as the "father of obstetrics and gynecology", is a doctor who has retained many accomplishments as a pioneer of obstetrics and gynecology, but among them, a bladder vaginal fistula ( bladder vaginal fistula It is known that he developed a surgical operation of a disease in which the bladder and the vagina are connected and that urine leaks out to the vagina.

Mr. Sims became famous for having performed bladder vaginal fistula surgery on women with black slaves, but Mr. Sims said "If the pain is severe enough to tolerate the troubles that may be caused by anesthesia There is no accusation of surgery without anesthesia as "there is no." Even now, Mr. Sims 'achievement is controversial and controversial, and in April 2018, the situation that Mr. Sims' statue placed in Central Park is removed is happening.

◆ 7: Guatemala syphilis research
The United States Public Health Administration deliberately infected prisoners and psychiatric patients of Guatemala with syphilis under the cooperation of the US government and the Government of Guatemala from 1946 to 1948. This study, aimed at finding chemicals that prevent syphilis infection, is a problem in that participants received penicillin after the experiment but had not received prior consent.

by Windell Oskay

◆ 8: Tuskegei city syphilis research
Since 1932, the American Center for Disease Control and Prevention has conducted follow-up surveillance on 399 black males who are syphilis patients in Tuskegei City. In this survey, because the purpose was to study "health effects on untreated syphilis", the black men who were the subjects of the survey were reported to "treat the disease" I was told that no treatment was actually done.

In 1947 it was found that penicillin was effective against syphilis but still no treatment was given to the subjects of black men, and in 1972 it was unethical for 40 years until the newspaper announced the fact A state was overlooked.

◆ 9: Stanford Prison Experiment
" Stanford Prison Experiment " held in 1971 was to let 21 people, including university students, serve as guards and prisoners for role playing in jail. As a result, the guards became sadistic, began to abuse the people who served as prisoners, and it was said that the people who served as prisoners also showed wearing out.

Actually, this Stanford Prison Experiment has been given instructions to the guards as "to behave cruelly", and among the role of the prisoners, "I acted like a deliberate spirit wanted to be released quickly" It is clear that there were people as well. Even so, the Stanford Prison Experiment is still the basis of the recognition that "ordinary people transform into an evil existence", and similar ethically lacking experiments were done It is said that it should not be.

by sfualumnioffice