Studies show that chimpanzees also do "irrational decision making" like human beings

ByWandering Panda

Man, such as "what menu do you want for lunch for today", such as "what kind of occupation do you take for your career" and "whether you can marry this opponent" I am living while making decision making at the level. In judgment, various factors overlap, making the choice that is best among them, sometimes people do not fit the reasonIrrationalThere are things that sometimes make decisions. Studies by Dr. Christopher Krupenye et al. Of Duke University et al. Have shown that such irrational judgment is not unique to humans, but also exists among apes, and in fact it is in a deep part as an organism I know that the root was planted.

Bonobos and chimpanzees exhibit human-like framing effects | Biology Letters
http://rsbl.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/11/2/20140527

Like Humans, Apes Make Irrational Economic Decisions - The Atlantic
http://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2015/03/humans-inherited-loss-aversion-from-apes/386588/

Something like "Oh, something awesome" is sometimes wanted if you see something like "It's 80% shut out dust! Effect lasts for 1 year!" In a catch phrase of advertisements you see on the net or town In fact, there are not many people who realize that they can receive "20% dust remains and I do not know what will happen in a year." Even though it refers to the same content, people tend to be caught up in positive (positive) content rather than negative (negative) content, that is, "framework (Framing) Changes, the manner in which things are captured changes. "

Expression(attribute) Shows a tendency to be favorably received as a positive one means "Attribute framing"This phenomenon is commonly seen especially when humans make economic decisions. For example, if you are told that "This is a bonus" when you have a certain amount of money at hand, while you use it as much as you wish without being oblivious to you, refrain from using it as soon as it is explained as " It tends to be likeLoss avoidanceYaSocial effectAlongside others etc. make decisions biasPsychological Bias EffectIt is known to be one of.

ByColin Harris ADE

Research in recent years is progressing on where this bias effect arises. In modern society, as many people around the world are living in society where they exchange money from their childhood, they make some strategic thinking in making decisions that cause economic consequences , It can be thought that a bias is a natural phenomenon.

However, as research has progressed, it has become clear that this bias is attributed to deeper parts as organisms. Live in the European regionStarlingA kind ofOntaragariIt is clear that some of the peers have irrational biases like framing effects, and others are said to be of higher intelligenceBonoboYaChimpanzeeWe also learned from similar research that we conducted similar research.

ByDORIS META FRANZ

Krupenye et al.'s team conducted a study on 17 Bonobos and 23 chimpanzees living in protected areas of the Republic of Congo. I tried experiments to select peanuts and fruits for each, but at that time I got 2 fruits with 50% probability for each individual "positiveIn the same situation, the number of fruits will be reduced next time under the condition of 50%Negative"The situation was created, and each reaction was verified.

· "Positive" condition
As in the figure below "Gain Frame", let's choose one of several peanuts and one fruit and make an environment giving 2 fruits as "bonus" with a 50% chance when choosing fruits.

· "Negative" condition
Likewise you can choose peanuts and fruits, but make the number of fruits 2 from the beginning like the "Loss Frame" below. And it creates a "loss" environment that the number of fruits will be one with 50% probability.


According to this prerequisite, despite the theoretical probability that two fruits can be obtained in both cases is 1/2, neither Bonobo nor chimpanzee is clearly "fruit It has become clear that many are chosen. In other words, it is clear that the probability of choosing fruit more increases as the positive situation of "two fruits" is likely to be obtained, and they are also biased by attribute framing like human beings, It was highlighted to make an irrational choice.

Apparently, this tendency is not one that each tribe has cultivated independently, as the three races, Bonobo, Chimpanzee ape, and human, also showed attribute framing effects, the process of evolution of living things It is supposed to be inferred that it has been acquired by. And if this is correct, it will lead to the hypothesis that the attribute framing effect is not a phenomenon caused by social economics by humans. In other words, bias in selection exists as a result of evolution to cope with difficult situations in hunting society, or as a byproduct of behavior based on characteristics such as "emotion".

ByJeroen Kransen

Interestingly, I also know that this tendency appears stronger in male than female ape. When people make a choice, they are caused by factors such as the social structure and motivation peculiar to men and women, the degree of experience in economic society, etc. However, research on apes not having such prerequisites so much The research team talks about its significance that further progress is important.

Furthermore, the research team emphasized its significance that "Bias of decision making by present research is existing in a deep place as a living thing, sometimes it is difficult to overthrow it". It is content that contributes to a part of the big theme of "research on decision making", and by understanding the decision making system that we are doing every day, it is possible to examine the relationship between medical experts It is said that it will be able to bring better results by decision making and ultimately make people's lives happier and make better decisions.

ByKyle Steed