'Two types of defense mechanism of cells' proved to be related to the reason for catching a cold

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Many people say "It will be easy to catch a cold at the turn of the season and cold," and in the United States a total of 500 million people will have a cold, 2 million of whom will become severely hospitalized. about. Studies revealed that "the two types of defense mechanisms of cells may be involved" in the difference between pulling a cold and not pulling it.

Regional Differences in Airway Epithelial Cells Reveal Tradeoff between Defense against Oxidative Stress and Defense against Rhinovirus: Cell Reports
https://www.cell.com/cell-reports/fulltext/S2211-1247(18)31304-4

Why Some People Catch a Cold and Others Do not
https://www.livescience.com/63552-cold-virus-defense-tradeoff.html

Every year many people develop a common cold, but some people are exposed to rhinovirus, which is a typical virus that causes a cold, but some people resist the cold virus and do not get cold. On the other hand, there are also people who have suffered from being infected by the virus and get cold. Therefore, the research team collected nasal cells and lung cells from healthy subjects and attempted to clarify the difference between the case of catching a cold and the case of not pulling from the point of cell defense mechanism.

Research teams on nasal and lung cells have found that these cells have both a defense mechanism against viruses and a defense mechanism against oxidative stress . In addition, in particular, it was found that nasal cells have a strong defense mechanism against viruses, and lung cells have a strong defense mechanism against oxidative stress. In other words, while nasal cells have strong resistance to cold pathogenic bacteria such as rhinovirus, lung cells are said to have strong resistance to cigarette smoke and the like.

The researchers found that the defense mechanism against viruses and the defense mechanism against oxidative stress of cells of the respiratory tract including the cells of the nose and lung are in a trade-off relationship. For example, when nasal cells are exposed to cigarette smoke, defense mechanism against oxidative stress works. As a result, the nasal cells are more resistant to oxidative stress, but on the other hand the defense mechanism against the virus is weakened, and it seems that it got cold easily when exposed to rhinovirus.

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Ellen Foxmann, Associate Professor at Yale University School of Medicine who participated in the study said, "The cells of the respiratory tract work not only for viruses but also for other harmful substances that cause oxidative stress reactions," he said , Explained that the cells of the respiratory tract protect the body by combining two different types of defense mechanisms.

On the other hand, "The defense mechanism of the cell works well for one kind of harmful substance at a time, but since the two defense mechanisms are in a trade-off relationship, it seems like virus and cigarette smoke at once When exposed to two kinds of harmful substances in the cell, the cell can not defend two kinds of harmful substances well, "he says. In other words, although it can firmly protect against smoke of cigarettes, it seems that the situation that the resistance against rhinovirus will weaken will occur.

The research team said that it will explain why smokers are likely to catch colds with regard to the results this time. "We also have the possibility of leading to the development of a strategy of raising the resistance to colds by protecting the airways from oxidative stress," but we need further research to confirm this idea.

by roujo