About 100 years of movie sexual scene censorship history
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There have been many trials on whether sexual expression is considered pornographic or art in the film. The Economist explains the history of the last 100 years about the changing definition of 'pornography' and the battle between film and censorship.
Cinematic obscenity in America: A hundred years of over-baring censors | The Economist
http://www.economist.com/blogs/prospero/2015/11/cinematic-obscenity-america
The nude scene first appeared in the movie and became a hot topic when ' Inspiration ' directed by George Pat was released on November 18, 1915, 100 years ago. However, at that time, there was still no clear definition of regulated 'pornography.' Actress Audrey Munson 's evaluation of the skin-exposed Inspiration at the time was 'intelligent and wonderful film. Manson's acting is innocent, modest and naive' and 'bold and artistic victory.' Many said it was 'existent' and 'extremely artistic and educationally valuable' and was never perceived as an 'exciting striptease'.
Film censorship began in the United States in 1930. Actors, directors and producers at the time said that the introduction of the censorship haze code was decided, 'nude should never be justified' and 'it may be beautiful, but it should not be used in the morals of the movie'. I was severely warned about projecting nudity.
With the regulation of nudity in the movie, the movie ' The Garden of Eden ' about nudist camps will be released in 1954. No matter how careful and ingenious the filmmakers were, the theme inevitably caused the film to violate the Haze Code, and the New York Commission said, 'Unless you remove the scene that shows the nakedness. The screening was prohibited as 'I can't allow it.' However, it was fundamentally impossible not to show nakedness in a work with the theme of 'the wonderfulness of being naked'.
The video of The Garden of Eden can be seen below.
Garden of Eden: Excelsior Picture Corporation: Free Download & Streaming: Internet Archive
The situation evolved into a trial. The committee thought, 'When you see nude footage, people, especially boys and girls who are not morally tolerant, get sexually deviated and become stupid,' said movie producer Walter Vivo. 'Nude is neither lewd nor filthy,' and eventually the New York Supreme Court agreed with Mr. Vivo, saying, 'Nude can make some people uncomfortable or provocative, but that's obscene. That's not the case, 'and the movie ban was lifted.
In the United States, the concept of obscenity in movies is defined as 'the work has a lewd and excessive interest in sexual activity for the average person with community standards , that is, the'general sense'.' It was in the 1957 Roth decision that expression was positioned outside the constitutional guarantee of freedom of expression. After that, the social importance of the work was also taken into consideration in the delineation of whether it was pornography, and in 1964, Judge Potter Stuart of the Federal Supreme Court said, 'You can tell if it is pornography. '. This raises the issue of the subjective and ambiguous definition of pornography.
by FadderUri
Then, in the 1973 case of Miller v. California, in addition to the presence or absence of 'community standards' and 'sexual interest' in determining pornography, genital masturbation, excretion, and apparently unpleasant methods were used. It was said that it was essential to have 'sexual behavior' such as exposure, and the definition became clearer. As a result, films with literary, artistic, political, and scientific intent do not fit the definition of pornography and are now guaranteed by the Constitution.
Hays code has become a chance to be lifted ' Virginia Woolf something not afraid ' that decorated the debut in 1966 in the movie Mike Nichols of supervision ' love of hunter of' was sued by movie theater owners It was in 1974. There is a scene in the movie that 'the voice of sexual activity echoes in an empty room', and even though the audience can understand the existence of sexual activity, there is no 'obviously offensive' expression in the movie at the trial. What was recognized was the big point of this trial. In addition to this, there were scenes in the movie that showed vague shadows on the bed and the pubic hair of the actor, but the definitive scenes were completely excluded.
The trailer for the hunter of love is below.
Carnal Knowledge Trailer-YouTube
Times have changed since Inspiration was released in 1915, and nudity, once described as 'bold' and 'challenging,' is now considered mediocre. There are few romantic comedies without love scenes, and movies with explicit sexual expression have been released without a fight against censorship. ' Nymphomaniac ', directed by Lars von Trier, who produced the famous ' Dancer in the Dark ' trauma movie, depicts Eros' journey from the birth of Joe, a self-confessed sexual enthusiast, to the age of 50. Published in the year, many critics described the film as 'social value,' 'depicting human desires,' and 'artistic expression.' The pornographic standards set out in the Miller v. California case are still alive.
'Nymphomaniac Vol.1 / Vol.2' trailer <software version> --YouTube
In Japan, in 1972, six people, including the director of the Nikkatsu Roman Porno movie division and the production and distribution manager, were charged with publicly displaying obscene drawings, and were acquitted after an eight-year trial.
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in Movie, Posted by darkhorse_log