The more people work, the more people get satisfied. In modern society "work" and "leisure" are

ByNavy Blue Stripes

The words "leisure" and "leisure" include some kind of "privilege" nuance given to a person who can afford money and time, and conflicts with "labor" to obtain money Although it is sometimes caught as being, it is clear that recent trends have reversed the trend. What is meant by the situation that seems contradictory at first sight, that the person who feels more pleasure than those who devote to work and who has time enough to enjoy leisure is less satisfied with life Cow.

Free exchange: Nice work if you can get out | The Economist
http://www.economist.com/news/finance-and-economics/21600989-why-rich-now-have-less-leisure-poor-nice-work-if-you-can-get-out?fsrc=scn/tw/te/bl/ed/nicework

British TV drama, from May 2014Broadcasting started at NHK synthesis as wellWork to be done "Dooung Abby"Depicts the love-hate drama of aristocrats and servants who are unfolded in a mansion in the English countryside in the early 20th century. For the upper classes of the time that appeared in the work, the word "weekend" did not make much sense. That is why "Every day is like a weekend" is the reason and it seems to me that it shows the elegance or sinfulness of that life.


There is no margin at all in the life of one of the lower class people. According to Mr. Hans-Joachim Voss of the economic historian at the University of Zurich, the average working hours of workers in the 1800s is much more than 64 hours per week, and the length of working hours remains the same It was the era of poverty of.

Since about 200 years have passed since the beginning of the 21st century, despite the declining working hours of society as a whole due to the improvement of productivity, working hours of wealthy people have begun to increase on the contrary. In the data at 1965, those who graduated from college and earned a lot of salary gained more leisure time than high school workers, but with similar data as of 2005 Reversal, leisure time spent by college graduates is higher than high school graduatesOn average 8 hours lessThe result is clear.

Also, according to the survey result compiled by the US Department of Labor in 2013, the average working hours per day for college graduatesTwo hours more than high school graduatesThe results of the investigation are also clarified, and it is highlighted that it is no longer a composition of "rich people = enjoying leisure time".

ByAlex Proimos

◆ HNWIs driven by labor
There are several reasons thought for this, but one is considered to be called "alternative effect". In the present age where the disparity of income is expanding, the disparity of "income per hour (= the ability to generate income at the same time)" has also expanded, the value of leisure time itself increases as income increases That means that. In other words, in order for people with high incomes to spend their leisure time, it is necessary to give up income when the same time is devoted to labor, so that there is a composition that there is a composition that more incomes generate more work for labor is.

This trend is also spurred by the strong trend of the "single win" seen in modern society. Companies that have innovative technologies such as YouTube, Apple, Goldman Sachs etc have global marketsScale meritThe situation that dominates the market by dominating the huge wealth that was not thought previously was well represented by this situation.

ByChee Chin Chu

It is clarified that this same composition can be seen even at the worker level. In a study by Peter Kahn at the University of California and Mr. Fernando Rosano in Pomona College, workers in the same occupation were divided into groups with a working hour per week of "55 hours" and a group of "40 hours" When we looked at the data comparing the differences in income, we found that in the first half of 1980 the difference between them was 11%, whereas in the early 2000s it has expanded to 25% .

The idea of ​​"alternative effect" that drives people as labor as a chicken race, but on the other hand, the idea of ​​"income effect" that allowance to enjoy leisure with allowance for some losses is increased as income increases to a certain extent It exists. However, in the situation seen in recent years, there are cases where this idea does not apply.

◆ Change in meaning of "labor"
American capitalism developed rapidly in the late 1800's "Kimipaka eraNorwegian-American economist who was severely criticizingSource Ting · VeblenCalled the time of leisure "Badge of Honor", and the simple and skillless labor "Industry" ironically, criticizing the society at that time. In other words, it is a content that presses dirty work against others and criticizes the wealthy people themselves accept a rich life, but even then, the wealthy people at that time were "disadvantaged" such as "writing" and " He said he was keen on the efforts of 'pioneering'.

Turning around, in modern evolved industrial society, labor has come to be said to be behavior based on knowledge and intelligence. It is said that simple labor has disappeared, many intellectual production labor that makes full use of brains is seen instead, and the number of people working on "pioneering" like before is increasing. Now "labor" has been obtained by the wealthy people through "leisure" time so farSatisfactionIt is changing from the means to satisfy one "leisure" as ifUseless longsYaI have no jobIt has changed to what symbolizes that.

ByKit

This trend is also in agreement with the actual survey results. The work that people feel as "the most satisfying feeling" has resulted that it is manualized and skill is not required, and the degree of satisfaction at work increases and decreases according to the professional's fame level I know that. A survey by Professor Emeritus Russell Hockshield Sociology Professor Emeritus at the University of California, Berkeley shows that people tend to enjoy hours of work rather than spending time at home as the intellectual level of labor improves I will.

It is now a symbol of the present age that people are born in situations where it is not an exaggeration to say "work to relax", and that many people feel that the time spent at home is "wasted time" It seems to be said that it is said.