A new vaccine that is effective against unknown mutants of the new corona and coronaviruses other than SARS-CoV-2 will be developed.
Similar to general viruses, the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is mutated during repeated infection and proliferation, and various mutant strains such as alpha strain, beta strain, delta strain, and omicron strain have been reported. increase. New research teams such as the University of Technology California and the University of Oxford have reported that they have developed 'a vaccine that may have a protective effect against unknown new coronavirus mutants and similar coronaviruses.'
Mosaic RBD nanoparticles protect against challenge by diverse sarbecoviruses in animal models
New vaccine may protect against future variants of COVID-19 and other related coronaviruses | www.caltech.edu
https://www.caltech.edu/about/news/sars-coronavirus-variant-vaccine-bjorkman
A general new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) vaccine injects genetic information on the spike protein on the surface of the virus to make the protein in the body and produce an antibody against it to produce an immune response. I'm guiding you. However, with this type of vaccine, existing antibodies and immune responses may not be fully effective if the peplomer changes when the virus mutates.
'SARS-CoV-2 is known to be able to create new variants that have the potential to prolong the global COVID-19 pandemic,' said Pamela Björkman, a bioengineer at the California Institute of Technology. 'Furthermore, the fact that three beta coronaviruses ( SARS coronavirus , MERS coronavirus , SARS-CoV-2) have spread from animal hosts to humans over the last 20 years has a widespread protective effect. It shows the need to manufacture a virus that has it. '
Therefore, the research team of Bjorkman et al. Has developed a new vaccine of the type that attaches a part of multiple viruses to nanoparticles composed of proteins. These nanoparticles have sticky appendages on their surface that allow multiple viral proteins to attach to them. In this study, eight beta coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2, were identified with nanoparticles of the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein required to invade human cells. We manufactured a virus attached to the virus and conducted an experiment to confirm its effect.
First, the research team teamed up with a nanoparticle vaccine (mosaic-8 vaccine) with RBD of eight viruses, a nanoparticle vaccine with RBD of SARS-CoV-2 only (homotype vaccine), and a piece of virus. The mice were vaccinated with a nanoparticle vaccine that did not have the virus attached. The mice used in this experiment were genetically engineered to express the
After vaccination, the research team infected mice with SARS-CoV-2 or SARS coronavirus and analyzed whether the vaccine had a protective effect. As a result, mice vaccinated with the virus fragment-free vaccine died when infected with SARS-CoV-2 or SARS corona virus, and mice vaccinated with the homotype vaccine died when exposed to SARS-CoV-2. Although he survived, he died when exposed to SARS coronavirus. In addition, all mice vaccinated with the Mosaic-8 vaccine were found to survive both SARS-CoV-2 and SARS coronavirus without weight loss or other significant symptoms.
The research team then conducted experiments on primates to compare their protective effects against SARS-CoV-2 or SARS coronavirus in individuals vaccinated with Mosaic-8 and unvaccinated. As a result, the symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS coronavirus did not appear in the individuals vaccinated with the Mosaic-8 vaccine, and a sufficient protective effect was confirmed. Antibodies produced in individuals vaccinated with the Mosaic-8 vaccine target RBD, which is common in the diverse coronaviruses of the SARS family, which provides protection against the SARS coronavirus not included in the Mosaic-8 vaccine. It is believed to have brought it.
As a next step, the research team will evaluate the efficacy of the Mosaic-8 vaccine in humans in Phase I clinical trials supported by the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Initiative (CEPI). 'We've been discussing the need for diversity in vaccine development since the beginning of the pandemic,' said Dr. Richard Hatchett, CEO of CEPI. 'The breakthrough in Björkman's lab study is new. It shows great potential for a strategy to pursue a vaccine platform, which may overcome the hurdles of new variants. '
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