The euro country not only in the euro zone, the US dollar country not only in the United States

The euro is Montenegro and Kosovo, while the US dollar is adopted by Panama and Ecuador as their own currency, but that is not the only fact. Knowing this, you should be able to travel abroad comfortably without mistaking the timing.

Hello,Takuya Sudo @ circle around the world bicycle @ Charridermanis. From the concern of the Greek crisis the euro may go cheap. On the other hand, in the United States where the economy is said to be doing well, the dollar is getting stronger from the expectation of raising the policy rate. If the euro becomes lower, the country's currency will go down and the currency of those countries will rise if the dollar becomes high. It was a problem I had been traveling for a long time, so I decided to summarize this time.

◆ Euro
"Euro" which was born in the currency union by the European Union (EU) has become the key currency after the US "dollar". It is Europe with many small countries such as the Netherlands, Belgium and Slovenia, but in the EU there are no borders and there is no need for currency exchange for the euro hiring country, so it was easy to travel. Banknotes are 500, 100, 50, 20, 10, 5 euro, coins are 2.1 euro and 50 · 20 · 10 · 5 · 1 cents. However, high-value banknotes of 500 euros and 100 euros are rarely distributed.

The country where this euro is used is as follows.

· Within the EU: Ireland, Italy, Estonia, Netherlands, Austria, Cyprus, Greece, Spain, Slovakia, Slovenia, Germany, Finland, France, Belgium, Portugal, Malta, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg


Economically powerful countries such as Italy and Spain, including the top two in the EU, Germany and France, join in 19 countries as a whole. In recent years, Slovakia in 2009, Estonia in 2011, Latvia in 2014, Lithuania in 2015 switched from home currency to euro. The EU member countries excluding the United Kingdom, Denmark and Sweden are obligated to introduce the euro, so the currency will change somehow. Croatia participated in the EU in 2013. As countries such as Turkey and Serbia continue to negotiate accession to the EU, further eurozone expansion is expected.

· Outside the EU: San Marino, Vatican, Monaco, Andorra
San Marino, Vatican, Monaco, Andorra are also mini-nations whose population is less than 100,000, and currencies such as Italy · Lira, France · Franc, Spain · Peseta were distributed before the introduction of the euro. It is dragged in the way that these currencies switch, now the euro is used.

· Outside the EU: Montenegro, Kosovo
Montenegro in 2006 and Kosovo in 2008, became independent from Serbia. Both Montenegro and Kosovo, Germany and Mark were in circulation in old days, but since Germany introduces the euro, this is also a form of interlocking, and now the euro is used. However, this is informal. Since it is impossible to print the euro without permission, it is necessary to procure all money from outside.

◆ Euro Peg
The system which fixes the exchange rate of the currency of the home country and the specific currency is called "Peg systemI call it. The countries that make the euro the legal currency are as described above, but there are several countries of "Europeg" which fix the euro and the exchange rate, though they are their own currencies.

·Europe
· Bulgaria (Bulgaria · Lev):EUR / BGN Exchange Rates


· Bosnia · Herzegovina (Marca):EUR / BAM Exchange Rates


In both cases, the exchange rate has been fixed to Germany and Marc in old times, and is now being handed over to the euro. Both 1 Lef and 1 Marka were calculated about 0.5 euro.

·Africa
· West Africa (CFA Franc):EUR / XOF Exchange Rates
· Central Africa (CFA Franc):EUR / XAF exchange rate


In Senegal, Guinea-Bissau, Mari, Côte d'Ivoire, Togo, Benin, Burkina Faso, West African countries of Niger and Central African countries of Chad, Central Africa, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Republic of Congo, are fixed to the euroCFA Franc (Saffer Franc)It is used. Both1 euro = 655.957 CFA franc, But the two CFA Francs in West Africa and Central Africa are not mutually distributed.

When I was traveling in West Africa early in 2011, 1 euro was around 115 yen, so even in the safer area I was able to benefit from the appreciation of the yen against the euro. Nonetheless, from the Guinea and Ghana with its own currency, the Safar area felt high price. Because the euro is on the foundation, it seems that the economy was stable. Although we prepared euro cash in Spain when entering Africa, the CFA Franc was enough. Nigeria Naira who refrained from using ATM when hearing that there is damaging skimming is exchanged from CFA Franc.

· Cape Verde (Cape Verde · Escudo):EUR / CVE Exchange Rates
· Comoros (Comoros · Francs):EUR / KMF Exchange Rates

Cape Verde floating in the Atlantic Ocean of Western Africa, and two island countries called Comoros floating in the Indian Ocean of Eastern Africa are also countries that adopt the Euro Peg. Cape Verde from Portugal and Comoros from France. It is a place I have never visited, but even if I check it at the past exchange rate, I keep a certain rate against the euro.

Besides this, regions such as New Caledonia, Wallis and Futuna, Tahiti, which are French territories of Oceania, have their own currencyCFP Franc (Pacific Franc)There is circulation, this is also fixed to the euro.

· Others
· Denmark (Danish · Krone):EUR / DKK Exchange Rates

Danish · krone is not fulfilling the euro participation because it rejects by referendum while proceeding forward to the introduction one step. As was once fixed with Germany · Mark,European exchange rate mechanismAmong them, there is a fluctuation range of ± 2.25%, but it is fixed with the euro. This is also one of the currencies linked to the euro.


· Morocco (Morocco / Dirham):EUR / MAD Exchange Rates

For some reason, Morocco / Dirham was also written as Europeg, but in fact it is dollar 2, euro 8Currency basket systemAs it seems to have adopted, the exchange rate against the euro is not constant. Also, in April this year Dollar 4, Euro 6 andChange currency basket ratiodoing. As the dollar is also affected, the euro alone can not calculate the Dirham exchange rate.

◆ US dollar
US dollar is the official currency of the United States. It also has a tremendous influence on global financial and trade as the core currency. When exchanging the local currency, rates were different between 100 dollar bills and 10 dollar bills. Even in ordinary travelers, the strength of the US dollar will be perceived by the fact that ATM can be withdrawn either in Central Asia or South America. There are 100, 50, 20, 10, 5, 2, 1 dollar bills, and 1 dollar and 50, 25, 10, 5, 1 cents of coins exist.

The country in which this US dollar is used is as follows.

·united states of america


Of course, the US dollar is used. However, because card transactions are prevalent, it was rare to see $ 50 bills or 100 dollar bills. Even at ATM, I will be impatient as 20 dollar bills come out. In the subprime loan crisis, although it was sluggish, recently employment situation has improved and personal consumption is improving, the economy is in good shape. The dollar has been bought from the expectation of raising the policy interest rate, and it has become a dollar high in a way to get out of other currencies.


· El Salvador, Panama, Ecuador, East Timor, Zimbabwe, Palau, Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia
There are countries in the world that switched domestic currencies to US dollars due to concerns about their economy. There is a demerit that you can not implement voluntary economic policy because it does not have a local currency, while it has merit of reducing the risk of foreign exchange fluctuations by interlocking with US dollar. Zimbabwe dollar has disappeared due to hyper inflation.


◆ Dollar Peg
The countries where the US dollar is a legal currency are as described above, but there are some countries that fix the US dollar and the exchange rate in addition to the other currencies. Again, I made a link to the US dollar rate against which little change is seen.

Caribbean · Central America
· Caribbean (East Caribbean Dollar):USD / XCD Exchange Rates


Even in the Caribbean Sea, which is also called the backyard of the United States, the strength of the US dollar stood out. East Caribbean dollar is used in the Caribbean Sea, Antigua and Barbuda, Dominica, Grenada, Saint Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia, Saint Vincent and the two regions Anguilla and Montserrat. Fixed at 1 US dollar = 2.70 East Caribbean dollar.

· Barbados (Barbados dollar):USD / BBD Exchange Rates


· Bahamas (Bahamas / Dollar):USD / BSD Exchange Rates

Barbados and Bahamas, which had been fixed at 1 US dollar = 2 Barbados dollar, 1 US dollar = 1 bahama dollar, were able to use the US dollar as it was. These two countries are also Caribbean island countries.

· Belize (Belize · dollar):USD / BZD Exchange Rates


The currency of Belize is also fixed at 1 US dollar = 2 Belize dollars. 4 If you pay a Belize dollar item for 5 US dollars, the face value will increase with 6 Belize dollars and you will get confused if you are out of hand. Belize is bordering Mexico and Guatemala, the former British colony which is rare in the mainland of Central America with only Spanish speaking countries.

·middle east
· Saudi Arabia (Saudi Arabia · Riyal):USD / SAR Exchange Rates


· United Arab Emirates (UAE · Dirham):USD / AED Exchange Rates


· Oman (Oman and Rial):USD / OMR Exchange Rates


· Qatar (Qatar · Rial):USD / QAR Exchange Rates


· Bahrain (Bahrain / Dinar):USD / BHD Exchange Rates

The Gulf countries of the United Arab Emirates, Oman, Qatar, Bahrain, Saudi Arabia have their home currency fixed at US dollars. Adopted only the currency basket system in Kuwait. Because this region, which holds most of the world's crude oil, is currency-bearing with the United States, the position as the base currency of the US dollar should not be shaking.


· Jordan (Jordan · Dinar):USD / JOD Exchange Rates

· Lebanon (Lebanon · Pound):USD / LBP Exchange Rates

Although the Gulf states knew, once again examined, Jordan and Lebanon also fixed their own currency to the US dollar. It is Jordan who tends to be with Israel and Syria, but in reality it is a country where the atmosphere of the Gulf countries is close.

· Other than Middle East
· Hong Kong (Hong Kong · Dollar):USD / HKD Exchange Rates

HK dollar in China was fixed as US dollar. In addition, the Hong Kong dollar and Macau · Pataka are also fixed. When the US dollar cheap, it seems easy to travel Hong Kong and Macao. It seems that once the RMB was also the dollar peg, but nowRenminbi reformThe currency basket system has been changed by deciding exchange rates from multiple currencies.

◆ Fixed exchange rate system
Euro pegs and dollar pegsFixed exchange rate systemIt is also said. Since weaker countries tend to cause inflation, we try to stabilize our own economy by matching it with the currency of a strong country. The disadvantage is that voluntary economic policy can not be done.Asian currency crisisIf you can not support buying, you can not maintain the fixed exchange rate system like, like.

There was an article which summarized the fixed exchange rate system of the world in English version of Wikipedia. This is what I wanted to know.

Currency substitution - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Currency_substitution

This is a mapping of the euro, the dollar and the country taking a fixed rate. Looking at the world map, Venezuela and Eritrea also adopted the dollar peg.


However, as the exchange rate set by the government and the exchange rate of the real economy are largely dissociated, the black market has occurred. In such countries, the rate of the black market indicates the correct currency value of that country.


Also, the world trembled earlier this yearGreat rise in Swiss francThe reason was that the central bank in Switzerland canceled the euro peg. Contrary to the black market, the currency value of your country is too high, so it was suppressed low.

◆ Summary
With this kind of feeling, there were several countries linked to the dollar and the euro by the fixed exchange rate system even in its own currency. If the euro becomes cheaper West Africa, currencies of the Caribbean countries and the Gulf countries of the Middle East will also be cheaper if the dollar becomes cheap, so if you like traveling abroad, you will not lose any losses.

I might have studied things beyond body length, so it may be a confusing article, but I am glad if you are interested in familiar money. Since the economy is running as many as the number of countries, there is no way I can figure it out.

(Sentence / photo: Takuya S. Narou Charriderman
Cycling around the world for a bicyclehttp://shuutak.com
Twitter@ Shuutak)