What is "Mangal Yarn" of the Indian Martian spacecraft that has reached Mars at ultra low cost?

On Wednesday, September 24, 2014, the Indian Mars probe "Mangal YarnHave successfully reached Mars. From Asia, Japan's "Hope, "Chinese"Hotafuda 1"Aimed at Mars, but both have failed and India, the first challenge, became the first successful country in Asia. Such Mars spacecraft in India is made with a surprisingly low cost of 1 / 10th compared to the American explorer.

ISRO: Mars Orbiter Mission
http://www.isro.org/mars/updates.aspx

BBC News - Why India's Mars mission is so cheap - and thrilling
http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-29341850

The budget allocated to the Mangal Yarn project is 4.5 billion rupees (about 74 million dollars / about 8 billion yen), which is surprisingly cheap compared to Western standards. On Monday, September 22, 2014American Mars probe "Maven" also reached MarsAlthough it plays, it costs about 671 million dollars (about 73.2 billion yen) about 10 times that of Mangal Yarn. The reason for achieving low cost is to be able to hire development staff with low labor cost in India, a populous power country. For space development in other countries, personnel expenses required for engineers and scientists account for most of the budget. Also, avoiding expensive overseas imports, priority is to use domestically produced parts and technology is also a reason.

One of the reasons that stuck to simple design is one of the reasons why British people who are major researchers of the European Mars exploration program in 2018Andrew · EutsuProfessor says, "Mangal Yarn is made thoroughly compactly,PayloadIt is kept to only 15 kg. Compared to the mains equipped with complicated instruments, it will explain the cost. "


Of course, the scope of the investigation will be shrunk than the other aircraft due to the reduction of the equipment, but Mangal Yarn is equipped with atmospheric methane measurement equipment. Survey of atmospheric methane is one of the most noteworthy areas of Mars research. A large amount of methane is contained in the Earth's atmosphere, most of which is found in digestive organs of the organisms on the earthMethane bacteriaIt is produced from such microorganisms. Therefore, if methane is confirmed on Mars, it can be predicted that insects and microorganisms that produce methane are predominant, so the results of Mangal Yarn's future research are also drawing attention in Europe and the United States.