New corona vaccine technology may help treat 'multiple sclerosis'
On January 7, 2020, German biotechnology company BioNTech, which developed a new coronavirus vaccine with American pharmaceutical giant Pfizer, shows that 'the company's vaccine technology is also useful for the treatment of
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BioNTech CEO Ugur Shahin said on January 7, 2020 that he succeeded in stopping the progression of multiple sclerosis using the technology used in the new coronavirus vaccine '
Multiple sclerosis is a type of autoimmune disease in which the body's immunity mistakenly attacks the myelin sheath , which protects the nerve tissue of the brain and spinal cord, causing various symptoms in the brain and body. Normally, the control function of immune tolerance prevents immunity from running out of control in the body, but when immune tolerance becomes dysfunctional and attacks body tissues, it leads to autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis. Will develop.
For the treatment of multiple sclerosis, a method of suppressing immunity and suppressing inflammation of nerve tissue is used, but this has the problem of reducing immunity to diseases such as infectious diseases. That is where the function of the mRNA vaccine, which was first put into practical use as a new coronavirus vaccine, is useful.
Before developing the new coronavirus vaccine, Shahin et al., Who had been researching cancer treatment using the mRNA vaccine, focused on the 'immunity-regulating function' of the mRNA vaccine. In fact, we developed an mRNA vaccine that promotes the synthesis of self-antigens that cause multiple sclerosis, and conducted an experiment to administer it to mice with multiple sclerosis.
As a result, it was confirmed that the mice treated with the mRNA vaccine did not provoke an inflammatory immune response even when a very high concentration of self-antigen was later administered. In addition, unlike the case of using immunosuppressants, there was no tendency for immunity to decrease.
In addition, we found that regulatory T cells, which control immune tolerance, were activated in mice that received the mRNA vaccine. The researchers speculate that the action of these regulatory T cells prevented the myelin sheath from being attacked by the immune system, which is why the mRNA vaccine stopped the progression of multiple sclerosis.
'The mRNA vaccine suppressed all the symptoms of multiple sclerosis seen in mice, and even in mice with early symptoms of multiple sclerosis, such as tail mahi,' the research team said in a paper. The progression of symptoms was suppressed and motor function was restored. '
In a presentation, BioNTech said, 'The results of this study on immune response and the flexibility of mRNA technology that can target individual patients' autoantigens can be applied to extremely complex and rare autoimmune diseases.' It shows the possibility of 'therapeutic drug'. '
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